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Niyama is the opposite to the disciplines of restraint and control.
Without it you would be unbalanced. My view of this is different to
that stated by many writers, who, I believe, do not really understand
these early instructions. Yama is restraint and control, niyama is
about release, letting go so that in further stages you can allow
discharge if it is necessary. But its need is much deeper than that.
The Secret is potent. It flows into you and changes you. But it does
not act against your will. Unless you can let go the process of
transformation cannot happen.
Control can
lead to greater ability to let go. |
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Traditionally niyama is translated as observances. These include
opening to ones teacher, daily worship, and Patanjali gives one as
surrender of self. What I am trying to do in my definition above
is to state the essence and essential.
Two of the great forces active in your life are control and
release. We see this in every full breath - the active drawing in,
and the release as we breathe out. To some extent you can control
your actions, your breathing, perhaps even your emotions; but
these are tiny in comparison with what you cannot control. The
controlling aspect of yama is, I believe, a means of strengthening
oneself in order to meet and allow the action of what you cannot
control - or what should not be controlled. Part of what emerges
from the uncontrolled is the process of your developmental growth
and ageing. What is vital to understand in connection with this is
that we have two wills active in us. There is your conscious will
with which you can direct the way you move or speak, and there is
the unconscious will that directs your heartbeat and all the
millions of other functions underlying your existence.
This is not a new idea. Many ancient thinkers and writers have
expressed it in one way or another. For instance Jakob Boehme who
lived between 1575 and 1624 wrote that: |
Thou must consider that there are in thy Soul two Wills, an
inferior Will, which is for driving thee to Things without and
below; and a superior Will, which is for drawing to Things within
and above. These two Wills are now set together, as it were, Back to
Back, and in a direct Contrariety to each other; but in the
Beginning, it was not so. (See: Jacob Behmen)
St. Augustine stated it even more strongly in saying:
The new will which I began to have was not yet strong enough to
overcome that other will, strengthened by long indulgence. So these
two wills, one old, one new, one carnal, the other spiritual,
contended with each other and disturbed my soul.
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Part of the instructions to allow the Ancient Secret to be
experienced was that in our usual life, often blighted by sorrows
or difficulties, our conscious will is in many ways in conflict
with what Boehme has call the superior will. This is still obvious
today if you look around. Countless people struggle, even to their
death, with the natural will of their appetite for food. Just as
many or more people have a conflict with their sexual drive, their
breathing or going to the toilet. Even sleep is difficult for
many.
In these struggles we see how the personality is in some way
conflicting or struggling against the larger internal will. Of
course these are extreme cases, but from the point of view of
experiencing the Secret most of us are out of harmony with the
wider will that gives us life. The process of Life itself is often
blocked, distorted or misdirected in some way in most of us. The
signs of this are the loneliness, despair, depression, suicidal
impulses, sense of meaningless or feelings of being isolated from
life and cut off from oneself. Because of this learning to let go,
to drop control, to open to what past cultures have seen as the
inner divine is vital for health and to live fully. Quite apart
from any rewards of knowing the Secret such as the wonderful
freedom and creativity it brings, it is also a healing process
that clears out and deals with things from the past that cloud
ones mind and heart. |
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The Secret
might lead you into what seems like walking into an abyss |
Summary of the First Steps
We can now distil some of what has been said into simpler form.
To recap, Victor Gollancz said it was a 'contrite heart' that was
the turning point for him. The Ox Herding Pictures show the
recognition of another living process with a will of its own - the ox.
So this is about the meeting of the two wills. Sufism suggests the
losing of oneself - the letting go. But this is also about the two
wills in that your conscious ego lets go to know the deeper will.
Tolstoy suggested fasting, and that is akin to yama.
So we have control and discipline to strengthen. But at the same
time we have the letting go of control. And although that seems to be
a loss of discipline, it is usually difficult to do unless you have
gained sufficient self control. That is part of the paradox or
contradiction of the way. If you have not learned the strength of
meeting your unconscious habits and fears, when you let go they will
take control. The strength needed is to keep the open space clear so
something other than your old hurts, fears, sexual lust and
narcissistic urges can emerge.
One of the Eastern statements of instruction says that you must
become like an empty cup. If you are not empty nothing new can flow
in.
Such teachings are almost universal, although they are expressed in
different ways or in symbols. For instance in the little book of
instruction titled
The
Voice of the Silence, the very first words say:
THESE instructions are for those ignorant of the dangers of the
lower forces in the psyche. He who would hear the voice of 'the
Soundless Sound', and comprehend it, has to learn to abstract
awareness from the external world. Having become indifferent to
objects of perception, the pupil must seek out the ruler of the
senses, the Thought-Producer, he who awakes illusion.
The Mind is the great Slayer of the Real.
Let the Disciple slay the Slayer.
The teachings of Patanjali, the great commentator on ancient yoga
practice, about taking the first steps is similar, but worded
differently.
Yoga is restraining the mind-stuff (Chitta) from taking various
forms (Vrittis). At that time (the time of concentration) the seer
(Purusha) rests in his own (unmodified) state. At other times (other
than that of concentration) the seer is identified with the
modifications.
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Putting this is modern language, it says that seeking the unity
of self means quieting the normal and habitual manifestations of
thought and emotion. When this is achieved the practitioner
experiences themselves beyond the surface illusion of their senses
and thoughts. When this is not done the practitioner is lost in
the illusory world of thoughts and feelings.
The Christian mystics also give a similar instruction. In the
classic The
Cloud of Unknowing, the unknown author, writing
about 500 AD, tells us to approach with 'naked intent'. But the
title of the book tells it all - to stand before that Secret
without knowing. Here is both a letting go of all you hold in your
personality, and at the same time a quieting of the wayward mind
and soul.
But in the original Christian symbols the same is told in a
different way. Taken as a symbol instead of a historical
character, the Virgin Mary shows us how to approach that forever
indefinable Secret - like a young woman freshly become fertile and
open with all her heart to the invisible that gives life. |
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